/* GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ************************** Copyright (C) 1999 Todd Martin Miller tmiller@toddmiller.com Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble ======== The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 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If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. 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If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. */ #include #include "periodic.h" struct NOB { char *line; } Nobel[] = { {"1901 J.H. van't Hoff (Berlin): discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics"}, {"and osmotic pressure in solutions."}, {" "}, {"1902 E. Fischer (Berlin): sugar and purine synthesis."}, {" "}, {"1903 S. Arrhenius (Stockholm): electrolytic theory of dissociation."}, {" "}, {"1904 W. Ramsey (University College, London): discovery of the inert gaseous"}, {"elements in air and their place in the periodic system."}, {" "}, {"1905 A. von Baeyer (Munich): advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical"}, {"industry through work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds."}, {" "}, {"1906 H. Moissan (Paris): isolation of the element fluorine and developmento of"}, {"of the electric furnace."}, {" "}, {"1907 E. Buchner (Berlin): biochemical researches and the discovery of cell-"}, {"free fermentation."}, {" "}, {"1908 E. Rutherford (Manchester): investigations into the disintegration of"}, {"the elements and the chemistry of radioactive elements."}, /* Page 2 */ {"1909 W. Ostwald (Gross-Bothen): work on catalysis and investigations into"}, {"the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"}, {" "}, {"1910 O. Wallach (Gottingen): pioneer work in the field of acyclic compounds."}, {" "}, {"1911 Marie Curie (Paris): discovery of the elements radium and polonium,"}, {"the isolation of radium, and the study of the nature and compounds of this"}, {"remarkable element."}, {" "}, {"1912 V. Grignard (Nancy): discovery of the Grignard reagent."}, {" P. Sabatier (Toulouse): method of hydrogenating organic compounds in "}, {" presense of finely disintegrated metals."}, {" "}, {"1913 A. Werner (Zurich): work on the linkage of atoms in molecules which has"}, {"thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of "}, {"research especially in inorganic chemistry."}, {" "}, {"1914 T.W. Richards (Harvard): accurate determination of the atomic weight"}, {"of a large number of chemical elements."}, {" "}, {"1915 R. Willstatter (Munich): plant pigments, especially chlorophyll."}, /* Page 3 */ {"1916 Not awarded."}, {" "}, {"1917 Not awarded."}, {" "}, {"1918 F. Haber (Berlin-Dahlem): the synthesis of ammonia from its elements."}, {" "}, {"1919 Not awarded."}, {" "}, {"1920 W. Nernst (Berlin): work in thermochemistry."}, {" "}, {"1921 F. Soddy (Oxford): contributions to knowledge of the chemistry of"}, {"radioactive substances and investigations into the origin and nature of"}, {"isotopes."}, {" "}, {"1922 F.W. Aston (Cambridge): discovery, by means of the mass spectrograph,"}, {"of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for enunciation"}, {"of the whole-number rule."}, {" "}, {"1923 F. Pregel (Graz): invention of the method of microanalysis of organic"}, {"substances."}, {" "}, /* Page 4 */ {"1924 Not awarded"}, {" "}, {"1925 R. Zsigmondy (Gottingen): demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of"}, {"colloid solutions by methods which have since become fundamental in modern"}, {"colloid chemistry."}, {" "}, {"1926 T. Svedberg (Uppsala): work on disperse systems."}, {" "}, {"1927 H. Wieland (Munich): constitution of bile acids and related substances."}, {" "}, {"1928 A. Windaus (Gottingen): constitution of the sterols and their connection"}, {"with the vitamins."}, {" "}, {"1929 A. Harden (London): and H. von Euler-Chelpin (Stockholm): investigations"}, {"on the fermentation of sugars and fermentative enzymes."}, {" "}, {"1930 H. Fischer (Munich): the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and "}, {"especially for the synthesis of haemin."}, {" "}, {"1931 C. Bosch and F. Bergius (Heidelberg): the invention and development of"}, {"chemical high pressure methods."}, /* Page 5 */ {"1932 I. Langmuir (Schenectady, New York): discoveries and investigations in"}, {"surface chemistry."}, {" "}, {"1933 Not awarded"}, {" "}, {"1934 H.C. Urey (Columbia, New York): discovery of heavy hydrogen."}, {" "}, {"1935 F. Joliot and Irene Joliot-Curie (Paris): synthesis of new radioactive"}, {"elements."}, {" "}, {"1936 P. Debye (Berlin-Dahlem): contributions to knowledge of molecular"}, {"structure through investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction"}, {"of X-rays and electrons in gases."}, {" "}, {"1937 W.N. Haworth (Birmingham): investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin"}, {"C."}, {" "}, {"1938 R. Kuhn (Heidelberg): work on caroteniods, flavins, and vitamins A and"}, {"B2."}, {" "}, {"1939 A.F.J. Butenandt (Berlin): work on sex hormones."}, {" "}, /* Page 6 */ {"1940 Not awarded"}, {" "}, {"1941 Not awarded"}, {" "}, {"1942 Not awarded"}, {" "}, {"1943 G. Hevesy (Stockholm): use of isotopes as tracers in the study of "}, {"chemical processes."}, {" "}, {"1944 O. Hahn (Berlin-Dahlem): discovery of the fission of heavy nuclui."}, {" "}, {"1945 A.J. Virtanen (Helsingfors): research and inventions in agricultural"}, {"and nutrition chemistry, especially fodder preservation."}, {" "}, {"1946 J.B. Sumner (Cornell): discovery that enzymes can be crystallized."}, {" J.H. Northrop and W.M. Stanley (Princeton): preparation of enzymes and"}, {" virus proteins in a pure form."}, {" "}, {"1947 R. Robinson (Oxford): investigations on plant products of biological"}, {"importance, esspecially the alkaloids."}, {" "}, /* Page 7 */ {"1948 A.W.K. Tiselius (Uppsala): electrophoresis and adsorption analysis,"}, {"especially for discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum"}, {"protiens."}, {" "}, {"1949 W.F. Giaugue (Berkeley): contributions in the field of chemical"}, {"thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behavior of substances at"}, {"extremely low temperatures."}, {" "}, {"1950 O. Diels (Kiel) and K. Alder (Cologne): discovery and development of"}, {"the diene synthesis."}, {" "}, {"1951 E.M. McMillan and G.T. Seaborg (Berkeley): discoveries in the chemistry"}, {"of the transuranium elements."}, {" "}, {"1952 A.J.P. Martin (London) and R.L.M. Synge (Bucksburn): invention of"}, {"partition chromatography."}, {" "}, {"1953 H. Staudinger (Freiburg): discoveries in the field of macromolecular"}, {"chemistry."}, {" "}, {" "}, /* Page 8 */ {"1954 L. Pauling (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena): research"}, {"into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation"}, {"of the structure of complex substances."}, {" "}, {"1955 V. du Vigneaud (New York): biochemically important sulfur compounds,"}, {"especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone."}, {" "}, {"1956 C.N. Hinshelwood (Oxford) and N.N. Semenov (Moscow): the mechanism of"}, {"chemical reactions."}, {" "}, {"1957 A. Todd (Cambridge): nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes."}, {" "}, {"1958 F. Sanger (Cambridge): the structure of protiens, especially that of"}, {"insulin."}, {" "}, {"1959 J. Heyrovsky (Prague): discovery and development of the polarographic"}, {"method of analysis."}, {" "}, {"1960 W.F. Libby (Los Angeles): use of carbon-14 for age determination in "}, {"archeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science."}, {" "}, /* Page 9 */ {"1961 M. Calvin (Berkeley): research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants."}, {" "}, {"1962 J.C. Kendrew and M.F. Perutz (Cambridge): the structures of globular"}, {"protiens."}, {" "}, {"1963 K. Ziegler (Mulheim/Ruhr): and G. Natta (Milan): the chemistry and"}, {"technology of high polymers."}, {" "}, {"1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (Oxford): determinations by X-ray techniques"}, {"of the structures of important biochemical substances."}, {" "}, {"1965 R.B. Woodward (Harvard): outstanding achievements in the art of organic"}, {"synthesis."}, {" "}, {"1966 R.S. Mulliken (Chicago): fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and"}, {"the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method."}, {" "}, {"1967 M. Eigen (Gottingen), R.G.W. Norrish (Cambridge), and G. Porter (London):"}, {"studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the "}, {"equillibrium by means of very short pulses of energy."}, {" "}, /* Page 10 */ {"1968 L. Onsager (Yale): discovery of the reciprocity relations bearing his"}, {"name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes."}, {" "}, {"1969 D.H.R. Barton (Imperial College, London) and O. Hassel (Oslo):"}, {"development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry."}, {" "}, {"1970 L.F. Leloir (Beunos Aires): discovery of surgar nucleotides and their "}, {"role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates."}, {" "}, {"1971 G. Herzberg (Ottawa): contributions to the knowledge of electronic"}, {"structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals."}, {" "}, {"1972 C.B. Anfinsen (Bethesda): work on ribonuclease, especially concerning"}, {"the connection between the amino-acid sequence and the biologically active"}, {"conformation."}, {" "}, {"1973 E.O. Fischer (Munich) and G. Wilkinson (Imperial College, London):"}, {"pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organo-"}, {"metallic so-called sandwich compounds."}, {" "}, {" "}, /* Page 11 */ {"1974 P.J. Flory (Standford): fundamental achievements both theoretical and"}, {"experimental in the physical chemistry of macromolecules."}, {" "}, {"1975 J.W. Cornforth (Sussex): stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions."}, {" V. Prelog (Zurich): the stereochemistry of organic molecules and "}, {" reactions."}, {" "}, {"1976 W.N. Lipscomb (Harvard): studies on the structure of boranes illuminating"}, {"problems of chemical bonding."}, {" "}, {"1977 I. Prigogine (Brussels): non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly"}, {"the theory of dissipative structures."}, {" "}, {"1978 P. Mitchell (Bodmin, Cornwall): contributions to the understanding of"}, {"biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory."}, {" "}, {"1979 H.C. Brown (Purdue) and G. Wittig (Heidelberg): for their development of"}, {"boron and phosphorus compounds, respectively, into important reagents in"}, {"organic synthesis."}, {" "}, {" "}, /* Page 12 */ {"1980 P. Berg (Standford): the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular"}, {"regard to recombinant DNA."}, {" "}, {"1981 K. Fukui (Kyoto): and R. Hoffmann (Cornell): quantum mechanical studies"}, {"of chemical reactivity."}, {" "}, {"1982 A. Klug (Cambridge): development of crystallographic electron microscopy"}, {"and the structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protien"}, {"complexes."}, {" "}, {"1983 H. Taube (Standford): mechanisms of electron transfer reactions of metal"}, {"complexes."}, {" "}, {"1984 R.B. Merrifield (Rockefeller, New York): solid-phase synthesis of"}, {"peptides."}, {" "}, {"1985 H.A. Hauptman (Buffalo, New York) and J. Karle (Washington,D.C.): "}, {"the developement of direct methods for the determination of crystal"}, {"structures."}, {""}, {"1986 D.R. Herschbach (Harvard), Y.T. Lee (Berkeley) , and J.C. Polany "}, {"(Manchester) : providing a much more detailed understanding of how chemical"}, {"reactions work."}, {""}, {"1987 D.J. Cram (Los Angeles), J.M. Lehn (Strasbourg), C.J. Pedersen "}, {"(New Jersey) : for developement and use of molecules with structure-specific"}, {"interactions of high selectivity."}, {""}, {"1988 H. Michel (Frankfurt), J. Deisenhofer (Frankfurt) ,and R. Hube (Max "}, {" Plank Inst.): crystallization and structure determination of a membrane "}, {"protien."}, {""}, {"1989 S. Altman(Yale) and T.R. Cech (Colorado) : Discoveries about the"}, {"active role of RNA in chemical cell reactions."}, {""}, {"1990 E.J. Corey (Harvard): Development of the theory and methodology of"}, {"organic synthesis."}, {""}, {"1991 R.R. Ernst (Zurich): for his contribution to the development of the"}, {"methodology of the high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonnance (NMR)"}, {"spectrometer."}, {""}, {"1992 R.A. Marcus (Caltech): his contribution to the theory of electron-"}, {"transfer reactions in chemical synthesis."}, {""}, {"1993 K. Mullis (California) and M. Smith (Canada, B.C.): work on site"}, {"directed mutagenesis."}, {""}, {"1994 G.A. Olah (Los Angles): work on carbocations."}, {""}, {"1995 P. Crutzen, M. Molina, F.S. Rowland: work on atmospheric ozone."}, {""}, {"1996 R.F. Curl, Jr., Sir H.W. Kroto, R.E. Smalley: discovery of fullerenes."}, {""}, {"1997 P.D. Boyer, J.E. Walker: enzymatic mechanism in ATP.; J.C. Skou: discovery of enzyme Na+,K+-ATPase."}, {""}, {""}, {"1998 W. Kohn: density-functional theory; J.A. Poole: computational methods."}, {"EndOfList"}}; void do_nobel ( void ) { int key; int line, column; line = 0; while(strcmp(Nobel[line].line,"EndOfList") != 0) { nobel_label(); for(column=2; column <= 22; column++) if(strcmp(Nobel[line].line,"EndOfList") != 0) mvaddstr(column,0,Nobel[line++].line); else break; key = listcommand(); if((key == 75) || (key == 107) ) { line = line - 42; if(line < 0) line = 0; clear(); } else if ((key == 82) || (key == 114) ) { clear(); mvaddstr( 0,35, "Refrences"); mvaddstr(2,5,"Chemistry of the Elements, Greenwood, N.N.; Earnshaw, A.;"); mvaddstr(3,5,"Pergamon Press, Elmsford, New York, 1984, pages 1498-1501."); mvaddstr(5,5,"Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901-1992., author, "); mvaddstr(6,5,"American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 1993."); refresh(); key = ttinp(); } else if ((key != 32) && (key != 74) && (key != 106)) { return; } clear(); } return; } void nobel_label ( void ) { clear(); mvaddstr(0,27,"Nobel Prizes in Chemistry"); return; }